MAN.5 Risk Management 風險管理

ASPICE 標準解讀: 管理流程

David Lin 顧問筆記
ASPICE標準解讀
4 min readJul 2, 2020

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流程目的(Process Purpose)

The purpose of the Risk Management Process is to identify, analyze, treat and monitor the risks continuously.

風險管理流程的目的是持續地識別、分析、處理和監測(專案中的)風險。

流程結果(Process Outcome)

成功實作風險管理流程,其相應的結果如下:
[Outcome 1]確認要執行風險管理的範圍;
[Outcome 2]定義且執行適當的風險管理策略;
[Outcome 3]識別在專案執行過程中的風險;
[Outcome 4]分析風險並確認用於處理這些風險資源的優先順序;
[Outcome 5]定義、應用和評估風險措施,以確定風險狀態的改變及處理(風險)活動的進展;
[Outcome 6]根據風險的優先順序、發生概率、影響後果或已定義的風險接受水平,採取適當的措施來修正或避免風險的影響;

基礎實踐(Base Practices)

MAN.5.BP1: Establish risk management scope.
MAN.5.BP1: 建立風險管理範圍
[Outcome 1]

Determine the scope of risk management to be performed for the project, in accordance with organizational risk management policies.

根據組織(公司)的風險管理政策,確定要對該專案執行的風險管理範圍

NOTE 1: Risks may include technical, economic and timing risks.

備註1: 風險可包含技術、經濟和時間風險

專案前期的風險(整合ASPICE、ISO 21434及ISO 26262)
專案過程中的可能風險分布

MAN.5.BP2: Define risk management strategies.
MAN.5.BP2: 定義風險管理策略
[Outcome 2]

Define appropriate strategies to identify risks, mitigate risks and set acceptability levels for each risk or set of risks, both at the project and organizational level.

定義適當的策略,並在專案和組織(公司)層級進行以下:

  1. 針對各別風險(或一組風險)制定風險接受水平
  2. 識別風險
  3. 減輕風險

MAN.5.BP3: Identify risks.
MAN.5.BP3: 識別風險
[Outcome 2,3]

Identify risks to the project both initially within the project strategy and as they develop during the conduct of the project, continuously looking for risk factors at any occurrence of technical or managerial decisions.

識別在專案策略初期及專案執行期間的專案風險,並持續在技術或管理決策等任何過程中尋找風險因素。

NOTE 2: Examples of risk areas that are typically analyzed for potential risk reasons or risks factors include: cost, schedule, effort, resource, and technical.
NOTE 3: Examples of risk factors may include: unsolved and solved trade-offs, decisions of not implementing a project feature, design changes, lack of expected resources.

備註2: 風險領域是被用來分析潛在風險原因或風險因素,其範例包含:成本、時程、工作量、資源和技術
備註3: 風險因素的範例可包含: 未解決和解決的代價、不實作專案功能的決策、設計變更、缺乏預期資源。

MAN.5.BP4: Analyze risks.
MAN.5.BP4: 分析風險
[Outcome 4]

Analyze risks to determine the priority in which to apply resources to mitigate these risks.

分析風險,以確定導入資源來減輕這些風險的優先順序。

NOTE 4: Risks are normally analyzed to determine their probability, consequence and severity.
NOTE 5: Different techniques may be used to analyze a system in order to understand if risks exist, for example, functional analysis, simulation, FMEA, FTA etc.

備註4: 通常對風險進行分析以確定其可能性、後果和嚴重性。
備註5: 可以應用不同的技術來執行系統分析,以確認風險是否存在。例如:功能分析、模擬、失效模式與影響分析(Failure Mode and Effects Analysis,簡稱FMEA)、FMEA、故障樹分析(Fault Tree Analysis, 簡稱FTA)、等。

MAN.5.BP5: Define risk treatment actions.
MAN.5.BP5: 定義風險處置行動
[Outcome 5,6]

For each risk (or set of risks) define, perform and track the selected actions to keep/reduce the risks to acceptable level.

針對各別風險(或一組風險)定義、執行和追蹤所選擇的行動,以保持/降低風險至可接受的水平。

MAN5.BP6: Monitor risks.
MAN5.BP6: 監控風險
[Outcome 5,6]

For each risk (or set of risks) define measures (e.g. metrics) to determine changes in the status of a risk and to evaluate the progress of the mitigation activities. Apply and assess these risk measures.

針對各別風險(或一組風險)定義量測措施(例如:指標),以確定風險的狀態變化並評估減輕活動的進度。應用和評估這些風險量測措施。

NOTE 6: Major risks may need to be communicated to and monitored by higher levels of management.

備註6: 主要風險可能需要傳達給高階管理階層,並由其進行監控。

MAN.5.BP7: Take corrective action.
MAN.5.BP7: 採取矯正行動
[Outcome 6]

When expected progress in risk mitigation is not achieved, take appropriate corrective action to reduce or avoid the impact of risk.

當風險減輕未取得預期進展時,採取適當的修正措施以減少或避免風險造成的影響。

NOTE 7: Corrective actions may involve developing and implementing new mitigation strategies or adjusting the existing strategies.

備註7: 修正措施可包含制定和實行新的減輕策略或調整現有的策略。

工作產出(Output Work product)

07-07 風險措施 [Outcome 5]
08-14 復原計畫 [Outcome 4,6]
08-19 風險管理計畫 [Outcome 1,2,3,4,5,6]
08–20 風險減輕計畫 [Outcome 3,4,5,6]
13–20 風險行動請求 [Outcome 1,2,6]
14-02 矯正措施登錄 [Outcome 6]
14-08 追蹤系統 [Outcome 6]
15-08 風險分析報告[Outcome 4]
15-09 風險狀態報告 [Outcome 4,5]

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email: linchewing@gmail.com

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David Lin 顧問筆記
ASPICE標準解讀

現任國際標準輔導顧問及評鑑師;在這裡,分享一些產業新知、趨勢以及標準的解讀與看法。更多資訊請參考:https://linchew.com