SYS.2 System Requirements Analysis系統需求分析

(更新2020/2/20) ASPICE 標準解讀

David Lin 顧問筆記
ASPICE標準解讀
12 min readAug 7, 2019

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流程目的(Process Purpose)

The purpose of the System Requirements Analysis Process is to transform the defined stakeholder requirements into a set of system requirements that will guide the design of the system.

系统需求分析流程的目的是將已定義(確立)的利益相關方需求轉換成系統需求,作為設計系統的引導。

流程結果(Process Outcome)

成功實作系統需求分析流程,其相應的結果如下:
1) [Outcome 1]一系列已定義的系統需求被建立
2) [Outcome 2]系統需求被分類,並分析其正確性及可驗證性;
3) [Outcome 3]系統需求與操作環境的影響已被分析
4) [Outcome 4]系統需求的實作順序被定義
5) [Outcome 5]系統需求根據需要被更新的(保持最新的狀態)
6) [Outcome 6]利益相關方需求與系統需求的一致性與雙向可追溯性被建立
7) [Outcome 7]評估系統需求的成本、時程及技術等影響
8) [Outcome 8]系統需求已商定,並向所有受影響的成員溝通

基礎實踐(Base Practices)

SYS.2.BP1: Specify system requirements.
SYS.2.BP1: 具體描述系統需求
[Outcome 1,5,7]

Use the stakeholder requirements and changes to the stakeholder requirements to identify the required functions and capabilities of the system. Specify functional and non-functional system requirements in a system requirements specification.

運用利益相關方需求及其變更請求去識別系統所需要的功能及性能;在系統需求規格書中具體描述功能性及非功能性。

NOTE 1: Application parameter influencing functions and capabilities are part of the system requirements.
NOTE 2: For changes to the stakeholder’s requirements SUP. 10 applies.

備註1:影響功能及性能的應用參數是系統需求的一部分;
備註2:如果利益相關方需求有任何變更,請應用SUP.10

SYS.2.BP2: Structure system requirements.
SYS.2.BP2: 結構化系統需求
[Outcome 2,4]

Structure the system requirements in the system requirements specification by e.g.
• grouping to project relevant clusters,
• sorting in a logical order for the project,
• categorizing based on relevant criteria for the project,
• prioritizing according to stakeholder needs

以結構化的方式將系統需求呈現在系統需求規格書中,請參考以下範例
• 分組到專案相關集群(clusters)
• 按照專案邏輯順序排序
• 基於專案相關準則分類
• 根據利益相關方要求排定優先順序

NOTE 3: Prioritizing typically includes the assignment of functional content to planned releases. Refer to SPL.2.BP1.

備註3: 排定優先順序通常會包含產品發佈計畫中指定的功能內容。請參照SPL.2.BP1

SYS.2.BP3: Analyze system requirements.
SYS.2.BP3: 分析系統需求

[Outcome 1,2,7]

Analyze the specified system requirements including their interdependencies to ensure correctness, technical feasibility and verifiability, and to support risk identification. Analyze the impact on cost, schedule and the technical impact.

分析具體描述的系統需求(BP.1的產出),包含需求間的相互依存關係以確保正確性、技術可行性及可驗證性,並且支援風險識別。分析對於成本、時程及技術的影響。

NOTE 4: The analysis of impact on cost and schedule supports the adjustment of project estimates. Refer to MAN.3.BP5.

備註4: 成本及時程的影響分析可以支持專案估算的調整。請參照MAN.3.BP5

SYS.2.BP4: Analyze the impact on the operating environment.
SYS.2.BP4: 分析對操作環境的影響
[Outcome 3,7]

Identify the interfaces between the specified system and other elements of the operating environment. Analyze the impact that the system requirements will have on these interfaces and the operating environment.

識別具體系統和其他操作環境要素的介面。分析系統需求在這些介面與操作環境的影響。

SYS.2.BP5: Develop verification criteria.
SYS.2.BP5: 制定驗證準則
[Outcome 2,7]

Develop the verification criteria for each system requirement that define the qualitative and quantitative measures for the verification of a requirement.

針對每個系統需求制定定性與定量的驗證準則。

NOTE 5: Verification criteria demonstrate that a requirement can be verified within agreed constraints and is typically used as the input for the development of the system test cases or other verification measures that ensures compliance with the system requirements.
NOTE 6: Verification which cannot be covered by testing is covered by SUP.2.

備註5: 驗證準則說明一個系統可以在一個商定的限制下被驗證。驗證準則通常是 開發系統測試案例 或 為了確保系統一致性的其他驗證量測 的輸入參考內容。(換言之,開發系統測試案例需要參照系統需求驗證準則;為了確保系統一致性要設計驗證測量時,也需要參照系統需求驗證準則。)
備註6: 無法透過測試來進行驗證的系統需求將透過SUP.2來執行驗證。

SYS.2.BP6: Establish bidirectional traceability.
SYS.2.BP6: 建立雙向可追溯性
[Outcome 6]

Establish bidirectional traceability between stakeholder requirements and system requirements.

建立利益相關方需求與系統需求的雙向追溯性。

NOTE 7: Bidirectional traceability supports coverage, consistency and impact analysis.

備註7: 雙向追溯性支援覆蓋性、一致性和影響分析。

SYS.2.BP7: Ensure consistency.
SYS.2.BP7: 確保一致性
[Outcome 6]

Ensure consistency between stakeholder requirements and system requirements.

確保利益相關方需求與系統需求的一致性。

NOTE 8: Consistency is supported by bidirectional traceability and can be demonstrated by review records.

備註8: 可以透過利益相關方需求與系統需求的雙向追溯來比對文件之間的一致性;可以透過審查記錄來展示一致性的確保。

SYS.2.BP8: Communicate agreed system requirements.
SYS.2.BP8: 溝通商定的系統需求
[Outcome 8]

Communicate the agreed system requirements and updates to system requirements to all relevant parties.

溝通商定的系統需求及其更新給所有相關的成員。

工作產出(Output Work product)

13-04 溝通記錄 [Outcome 8]
13-21 變更控制記錄 [Outcome 1]
13-19 審查記錄 [Outcome 6]
13-22 追溯記錄 [Outcome 6]
15-01 分析報告 [Outcome 2,3,4,7]
17-08 介面需求規格書 [Outcome 1,3]
17–12 系統需求規格書 [Outcome 1,5]
17–50 驗證準則 [Outcome 2]

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David Lin 顧問筆記
ASPICE標準解讀

現任國際標準輔導顧問及評鑑師;在這裡,分享一些產業新知、趨勢以及標準的解讀與看法。更多資訊請參考:https://linchew.com