NOT POPULAR BUT IMPORTANT PEOPLE WHO SHAPED THE CRYPTO ECOSYSTEM
While a good number of the innovations in this space remain new, they’re built on decades of work that led to this point. By tracing the dotted lines, this article will bring to the spotlight some of the barely known figures who shaped the cryptocurrency ecosystem by their distinct roles and activities, as well as those whose inventions, roles and activities played a role in birthing more successes within the crypto economy. In a seamless way or manner, anyone can simply understand the motivations that geared the movement which spawned bitcoin, as well as share its vision for the future from their actions.
Before the 1970s, cryptography was practiced in secret by military or spy agencies. Notwithstanding, the narrative changed when two publications took this secrecy to the open. They include The US government publication of the Data Encryption Standard and also the first publicly available work on public-key cryptography, “New Directions in Cryptography” which was done by Dr. Whitfield Diffie, alongside, Dr. Martin Hellman.
Taking a healthy count, it is over 13 years as cryptocurrency peaks towards its highest high, crypto-assets are gradually becoming the buzzword on the internet and a new lingua franca. The brewing success that the cryptocurrency space has attained came through the collective efforts of some individuals who relentlessly gave their commitment to the successful advancement of what they believed in even when the world would have barely given them a chance. These professionals all come from different backgrounds and fields of study/profession but had one goal in common which was their willingness to think out of the box. These heroes were unified by the rare quality of being good visionaries with the ability to discover, grab and act upon the technological opportunities of the future.
This article holds a count of 14 influential people in the cryptocurrency market who are barely known and whose roles influenced the development of the entire industry. Although a few figures in this article are known as of today, their contribution to the crypto ecosystem during its infancy singled them out.
The first to the ninth individuals are referred to as Bitcoin proponents who started the move towards digital currency. Irrespective of the fact that they are barely known, their roles have contributed immensely to the entire crypto ecosystem to date. While the tenth individual makes it to this hall of fame as the man who invented the world’s Bitcoin pizza day, the eleventh to the thirteenth individual contributed to the crypto ecosystem by their unique projects, paving the way for the fourteenth, one of the earliest crypto trading platforms.
1. SATOSHI NAKAMOTO — BITCOIN CREATOR
The name has been widely believed to be the name of the creator of Bitcoin while others believe the name represents a secret sect behind the creation of Bitcoin who have remained anonymous to date. The controversies behind the name “Satoshi Nakamoto” has not been cleared out to date as no one truly knows the real identity of Satoshi Nakamoto and has remained the most mysterious personality in the cryptocurrency industry.
Some speculated research and findings have narrowed the hunt for the creator(s) of Bitcoin to some individuals as traces were drawn before the conclusion was made but regardless, the individuals in question denied the facts which were tendered before them. In some other instance, some individuals voiced out to be Satoshi Nakamoto but other leaders and key role players in the industry debunked the falsified claim made by these individuals as they said that their declarations to be Satoshi Nakamoto was done to gain public attention and other mutual benefits.
With regards to these individuals who falsified their claims to be the name bearer, Nick Szabo and Craig Wright stand out as two leading suspects. Szabo is a renowned cryptologist and lawyer. He is reported to be the developer of smart contract technology, the Bit Gold algorithm of decentralized virtual currency, as well as the publisher of the publication which appeared just a few months before Nakamoto’s article on Bitcoin.
On the other hand, Craig Wright surfaces as one of the most scandalous candidates for being the real Satoshi Nakamoto. In 2015, Craig (An Australian entrepreneur) told the world that he was the sole creator of the unique technology and filed more than 150 patent applications. He also filed for smart contracts and six cryptocurrencies. History records that the act went through as a successful one in his favor, with regards to the fact that the patents were undisputed and this didn’t lead to any legal consequences.
As a philosophical statue and enigma of sorts, Satoshi Nakamoto is frequently invoked during cryptocurrency debates or in cases where discussions about the future of Bitcoin’s development are held. Considering the market value of Bitcoin today, discussions about the amount of Bitcoin held by Satoshi will most likely be discussed or argued about. Be it as it may, determining the true worth/amount of Bitcoin that Satoshi owns may prove abortive to know, the reasons being that, presumptions have been made that Satoshi might have used different addresses while he mined the early blocks.
Some estimates place it that Bitcoin wallets associated with Nakamoto hold about 1.1 million BTC (worth roughly $30 billion as of June 2022). Given the fact that only 21 million Bitcoin will ever be mined, Nakamoto’s holding represents a significant proportion of all bitcoins to be created.
Dating back to October 2008, a message signed by Satoshi Nakamoto titled “Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper” announced the creation of the cryptocurrency. After the announcement, Satoshi remained active in the community for two years as he communicated with others concerning the development of the blockchain. However, Satoshi’s last message on the Bitcoin forum was posted in December 2010. The messages Satoshi conveyed with a host of other individuals involve the publication he made on the Bitcoin original Whitepaper.
Besides the fact that no one knows whether genuinely it is one individual or a gathering of engineers, the reality of whether this mysterious figure exists has frequently been raised in doubt. Anyway, it was “Satoshi Nakamoto’ who fostered the Bitcoin protocol and created the first version of the software. This serves as the bedrock of the Cryptocurrency economy and ecosystem.
2. NICK SZABO — PIONEER OF SMART CONTRACTS
Nick Szabo, as referred to above, is a computer engineer and legal scholar. Being credited for pioneering the concept of smart contracts in a 1996 paper, Szabo thought of a decentralized currency that he called Bit Gold. This currency was speculated to be a forerunner to bitcoin. According to Nick, Bit Gold was envisaged to be “a protocol whereby unforgeable costly bits could be created online with minimal dependence on trusted third parties.”
Taking a close look at this framework, the deployment of this conceptualization by Nick is similar to the bitcoin concept, whereby a series of bits created by a network of computers, void of any leader, can verify and validate transactions. With this close similarity, between bitcoin and bit gold, most especially the systems used to process transactions and secure the decentralized network, Nick Szabo was speculated to be the creator of Bitcoin but he denied it.
Some of the similarities that Bitcoin has and reflects with Bit Gold include the fact that Bit Gold combines different elements of cryptography and mining to accomplish decentralization. Moreso, these elements include time-stamped blocks which are stored in a title registry and are generated using proof-of-work (PoW) strings.
To validate the assertion that people had about Nick being Satoshi, author Dominic Frisby made it clearer in his book, Bitcoin: The Future of Money. To be more laser-focused, Frisby consulted a stylometrics expert who examined the styles of writing between Nick and Satoshi. The result showed that more likely, the same individual wrote the articles which were examined. While drawing up the dots, another clue reflected that both Szabo and Satoshi referred to an economist who was Carl Menger. The last knot to tie goes with the discovery that Nick Szabo had worked for DigiCash, which was a company with an early attempt to bring cryptography to digital payments.
3. DORIAN NAKAMOTO
Dorian plays a major role in the legends of Bitcoin creation as he joins the league of suspected individuals to be Satoshi Nakamoto. This maybe was the most high-profile endeavor to uncover bitcoin’s pioneer. Newsweek in March 2014 identified Dorian Nakamoto as the currency’s creator. This was the first time a mainstream publication had attempted to learn the identity of bitcoin’s creator.
“I got nothing to do with it.” These were the outright words of Dorian Nakamoto to a senior press during an interview. One of the salient pillars which Satoshi advocates for in his life has been that of ‘PRIVACY’. The global community has in one way or the other posed threats to this as relentless efforts have been made towards the discovery of who the true identity of Satoshi Nakamoto is even as a mainstream publication had attempted to learn the identity of bitcoin’s creator once more.
As much as these claims and suspicions are geared toward the discovery of Satoshi Nakamoto, every individual brought to the spotlight like Dorian, serves as a legend who shaped the cryptocurrency ecosystem, most especially those related to the proposed Satoshi Nakamoto pseudonym. With regards to Dorian, Newsweek claimed several similarities between him and Satoshi Nakamoto. For example, both supposedly held libertarian leanings and a Japanese connection.
Dorian graduated, holding a degree in physics from California Polytechnic, and worked on classified defense projects as a Japanese-American. According to a source, an author claimed that Nakamoto said he was “no longer” involved with bitcoin and that he had “turned it over” to other people. Subsequently, when more findings were dug up, Dorian denied the quote, claiming that he had misunderstood the question. This was contradicting and made the presumptions about Dorian Nakamoto being the real Nakamoto more convincing. Because this claim was denied by Dorian, it remains speculation.
While the story lingered, the magazine made a mistake that involved publishing a photograph of Nakamoto’s home. This mistake was big and costly as a cursory image search could easily reveal its location. While many did not believe Dorian Nakamoto was bitcoin’s founder, the crypto community remained aghast because his privacy had been violated.
In a bid to pacify the effect, in March 2014, a tech entrepreneur and crypto-enthusiast, Andreas Antonopoulos launched a fundraiser to support Nakamoto. This saw the light of the day as the crowdfunding campaign served as an apology for the damage and difficulty Nakamoto experienced during the ordeal. About 2,000 supporters gave 47.5 bitcoin, worth roughly $20,000 at the time.
4. GAVIN ANDRESEN — BITCOIN DEVELOPER
Gavin was one of the earliest Bitcoin developers and advocates. Shortly after graduating from Princeton, Gavin worked in 3D graphics and animation before he got involved with Bitcoin in 2010.
On June 12, 2010, Bitcoin developer Gavin Andresen launched the Bitcoin faucet website. Within the same year, Gavin gave out over 19,700 bitcoins to users who did nothing more than solve a captcha. Taking into account the worth of such value, if Gavin had held the coins, they’d be worth roughly $500 million today. However, like other proponents, Gavin interacted directly with Satoshi Nakamoto and was a true believer in his vision for a global peer-to-peer electronic cash system.
The interaction between Gavin and Satoshi Nakamoto was done directly via forum posts and private messages such that when Satoshi disappeared, he left the project in Gavin’s hands.
5. MIKE HEARN — AN EARLY BITCOIN DEVELOPER
Mike is a former software developer at Google who worked for over 8 years. In 2014, he left Google to focus on Bitcoin development as a full-time activity. After two years of engaging with Bitcoin development, Mike joined R3 as the lead platform engineer, where he led the development of the Corda project. Currently, the infamous developer has a lead role at Hydraulic Software, a developer tools company.
Taking up his journey like others, Mike engaged in the space as a Bitcoin developer for over five years and was one of the earliest Bitcoin users. Being one of the first users of Bitcoin, he had the opportunity to converse with Satoshi Nakamoto via mail. One of the contributions made by Mike to the crypto ecosystem was his role in publishing some of the conversations he had with Satoshi for historical interest in the future. Having a grasp of the Bitcoin whitepaper is one of those fortunes which was preserved to date and may not have been witnessed as proof.
Many of the conversations cover lengthy topics. Dating back to the invention of digital currency, very little was known about Bitcoin with scarce documentation. The way out of these vague and blinded scenes was to discuss them directly with Satoshi. Listed below is the list of published emails by Mike that he had with Satoshi. However, none of these email discussions contain any clue as to his identity.
● Open sourced my Java SPV impl
● Holding coins in an unspendable state for a rolling time window.
6. CHARLIE SHREM — EARLY BITCOIN ADOPTER
Among the notable millionaires who made their wealth off the cryptocurrency economy, Charlie Shrem is a polarizing figure. Charlie stands as an ardent proponent of Bitcoin and the cryptocurrency space. Due to some unlicensed money-transmitting business that Charlie engaged in, he spent two of his years in prison as a penalty for the illegal related activity.
As a senior at his college when Bitcoin emerged, Shrem began investing in cryptocurrency but suddenly lost his fortune when his storage service crashed. Shrem partnered with an associate and fellow cryptocurrency enthusiast, Gareth Nelson, who joined him to launch BitInstant. BitInstant is a user-friendly service that helps people convert money into Bitcoin.
The project recorded notable accomplishments, accounting for roughly 30% of all Bitcoin transactions. In due course, it attracted significant attention from investors, including Winklevoss Capital Management.
7. DUSTIN TRAMMELL — COMPUTER SECURITY RESEARCH SCIENTIST
Being one of the key figures to understand the trendline which Satoshi was spinning in terms of the social problem he aimed to solve rather than a technical one, Dustin Trammell is one of the first cypherpunks to download the official version of Bitcoin, as well as mine cryptocurrency. Dustin personally received Bitcoins from Satoshi Nakamoto and stored some of the digital currency he received while he also had the opportunity to suggest some improvements on Bitcoin to Satoshi.
To date, it is not known if Satoshi Nakamoto created Bitcoin (BTC) alone, or more so if they had help from others. Be that as it may, after the launch of Bitcoin on Jan. 9, 2009, Nakamoto worked to improve the software by getting input and opinions from collaborators.
According to Trammell, he sent Bitcoin to himself, consolidating his coins into a single wallet from various computers as he participated in several Bitcoin transactions even with Satoshi’s clients. In the words of Trammell, one of the early proponents of Bitcoin:
“I think it’s a bit late for bankers and governments unless they get in the game quickly. Most of the Bitcoin has already been issued and the remaining authorized supply is dwindling rapidly with the supply of newly minted coins halving every four years or so. They’ll have to buy from existing holders, and most of us have no intention of selling to them. That will drive the price in fiat currencies parabolic. The first central bank to print fiat to buy Bitcoin wins”.
8. ROGER VER — CEO OF BITCOIN.COM (BITCOIN JESUS)
Prominently known as ‘Bitcoin Jesus”, Roger Ver’s total assets are estimated to be $430 million, however, a few sources speculate that it is as high as $520 million. With regards to Ver, it is a bit difficult to determine his entire net worth due to the magnitude of fortune he has amassed in cryptocurrency and the volatility of the market. Ver got the moniker attached to his name because many saw him as an evangelist on behalf of the cryptocurrency.
In the world of cryptocurrency, major players usually have a distinct and unique approach to the industry. As one of the earliest and most vocal advocates of cryptocurrency with tons of investment, Ver is associated with a good number of crypto-related startups. While in the higher institute, Ver began a company, Memorydealers, which was vested in re-selling Cisco-related memory and networking equipment. In a bid to give full attention to the start-up, Ver dropped out of school to drive the business, working as the full-time CEO for over 10 years.
According to Ver, he discovered Bitcoin in early 2011, calling it “one of the most important inventions in the history of humankind.” As an early adopter of the first digital currency, he integrated bitcoin payments into Memorydealers.com, making it possible for customers to make payments in bitcoin. By his strategic move to collect bitcoin in its earliest days when each coin was valued at under $1, Ver owned as much as 400,000 bitcoins by some estimates.
Referred to as Bitcoin Jesus, Ver’s indispensable role spawned through financing and supporting several popular bitcoin projects and startup launch which includes: Kraken, purse.io, Blockchain.com, bitcoinstore.com, and Ripple. This accounts for the gradual reduction of some of Ver’s holdings in Bitcoin as he aimed to gear up Bitcoin adoption even at the mainstream level. Currently, Ver serves as the Executive Chairman of Bitcoin.com.
9. HAL FINNEY — BITCOIN PROPHET
Hal Finney is one of the earliest Bitcoin miners whose hope and prospects, as well as his unwavering activities brought life to the crypto community at large. The entire personality of Hal can simply be summarized as someone passionate about both the grand and the granular aspects of bitcoin.
It’s over 13 years since the day Hal Finney became the recipient of the first transactional activity on the Bitcoin blockchain from Satoshi Nakamoto. On Jan. 12, 2009, with the Bitcoin (BTC) white paper being just three months old, Satoshi sent Hal 10 BTC which was worth almost nothing at the time, but now it would be worth roughly $440,000. The strategic move was likely a test to ascertain the viability of the blockchain.
According to Hal Finney:
“When Satoshi announced the first release of the software, I grabbed it right away,” said Finney in a 2013 post on Bitcointalk.org. I think I was the first person besides Satoshi to run Bitcoin. I mined block 70-something and I was the recipient of the first bitcoin transaction when Satoshi sent ten coins to me as a test. I carried on an email conversation with Satoshi over the next few days, mostly me reporting bugs and him fixing them.”
Hal was one of the first people to respond to Satoshi’s post on the cypherpunks mailing list, this has left many with the belief that he was one of the pseudonymous individuals behind the creation of Bitcoin. The Twitter post below reflects a comment made by Hal in 2009.
During Hal’s active years in the Bitcoin community after being one of the first persons to receive Bitcoin from the pseudonym, Satoshi Nakamoto, he often provided unique insights and criticisms when appropriate for a given number of initiatives which includes the early creation of clients’ wallets. In the long run, uncertainty brewed among the community members as they were a bit in the dark about where the technology might wind up in terms of utilization.
Dating back to a post made by Hal in December 2010, just like Dustin Trammell proposed in some of the quoted speeches he made, Hal suggested that the traditional banking system might one day embrace bitcoin. He wrote:
“I see Bitcoin as ultimately becoming a reserve currency for banks, playing much the same role as gold did in the early days of banking. Banks could issue digital cash with greater anonymity and lighter weight, more efficient transactions.”
As one of the earliest bitcoin miners who is barely known to date, Hal brought a unique and distinct perspective to the fore when discussing the topic. Making it to this hall of fame like many other proponents whose actions have built the Cryptocurrency ecosystem, Hal, beyond his role in the history of digital currency was a cryptographic master, a veteran of bitcoin mining, as well as a voice which was most times regarded as Prophetic. In this way, while Roger Ver was referred to as Bitcoin Jesus, Hal Finney can be referred to as Bitcoin Evangelist.
By mere perusal of Hal’s post history on the BitcoinTalk forum, it’s evident to see and note that Hal foresaw the promise of bitcoin and its meteoric rise at the end of 2013 while the technology was yet tender and evolving.
With a peek at his defiant passion for the Crypto community at large, Hal spoke in distinct terms about Bitcoin. For example, in January 2011, Hal took note of the most speculative conversation taking place in the community’s early days, saying those with bitcoin should think about how they could put that potential wealth to work positively. Hal further said:
“Since we’re all rich with bitcoins, or we will be once they’re worth a million dollars like everyone expects, we ought to put some of this unearned wealth to good use.”
Taking a retrogressive look at Hal’s comment, it is convincing that the words he spoke wielded so much influence in the early days of the community thereby birthing hope for the prospects which Cryptocurrency promised as it is still evolving at an exponential rate to date.
With regards to mining, in late 2010, Hal spoke of the relationship between the profitability and overall health of the network process. He proposed a healthy framework for balance to ensure that network participants remain as concerned about security as they are about making money. He said:
“Mining should not be too profitable (because nothing should be too profitable, the world doesn’t leave free money lying around). Therefore, the price of Bitcoins can’t rise too much above the cost of mining (counting equipment depreciation among the costs of course).”
10. LASZLO HANYECZ — FOUNDER OF BITCOIN PIZZA DAY
On May 22, 2010, now celebrated as Bitcoin Pizza Day within cryptocurrency communities, Laszlo Hanyecz agreed to pay 10,000 Bitcoins in exchange for two Papa John’s pizzas that were delivered to him. The conversation spawned from a bitcointalk forum where the Florida man reached out for help.
In his words, Laszlo said:
“I’ll pay 10,000 bitcoins for a couple of pizzas… like maybe 2 large ones so I have some leftover for the next day,”
“I like having leftover pizza to nibble on later. You can make the pizza yourself and bring it to my house or order it for me from a delivery place, but what I’m aiming for is getting food delivered in exchange for bitcoins where I don’t have to order or prepare it myself, kind of like ordering a ‘breakfast platter’ at a hotel or something, they just bring you something to eat and you’re happy!”
A British man whose identity has not been disclosed took up Hanyecz’s offer and bought the two pizzas for him in exchange for the 10,000 Bitcoins. Surprisingly, the British recipient got himself a lovely bargain, paying just $25 for the pizzas, while 10,000 Bitcoins were worth about $41 at the time.
Since the creation of Bitcoin, Hanyeczs’ pizzas have gotten more and more expensive. Nine months after the purchase, Bitcoin was pegged at parity with the U.S. dollar, making the two pizzas worth about $10,000. In 2015, commemorating the fifth anniversary of Bitcoin Pizza Day, the two pizzas were valued at $2.4 million. This unique day has become part of folklore in the crypto community, not because of the transaction, but more because of the price.
Despite the galactic surge in the cost of Bitcoin, it appears Hanyecz isn’t staged about his ordeal. “It wasn’t like Bitcoins had any value back then, so the idea of trading them for a pizza was incredibly cool,” Laszlo told the New York Times.
Beyond the Pizza folklore, Laszlo Hanyecz contributed to Bitcoin with his code. Laszlo was the first Bitcoin developer to release the Bitcoin code for Mac OS as seen via the link below:
● “Mac OS X”
11. VITALIK BUTERIN — THE FOUNDER OF ETHEREUM
While Vitalik makes it to this hall of fame, his contribution to cryptocurrency stands out via his project, Ethereum. Vitalik gained fame as the creator of the world’s second-largest digital currency in terms of capitalization. Being versatile with development and coding which he did at a tender age from 7 when he wrote his first computer game using Excel macros, Vitalik came into the space with dexterity and knowledge in technology.
In 2011 when Vitalik hopped on the Blockchain space, he quickly knew how to navigate the space as he built his cryptocurrency platform, funded and launched it in the year 2014 through an online-crowd sale.
This distinct role of Vitalik and his contribution to the crypto economy stands out. Credits owed to Vitalik include the fact that Vitalik is said to be one of the earliest persons who indirectly initiated the ICO (initial coin offering)-hype, and made the Ethereum code open-source (i.e Vitalik made it available to the general public). These contributions allowed hundreds of developers to write their projects on the Ethereum blockchain while saving resources and time. Vitalik’s project has truly aided the crypto-verse to a great extent with regards to its multifaceted use and applications, even the use of ETH to mint NFTs, as well as other uses for bridging between Blockchains and more.
12. CHARLIE LEE — LITECOIN CREATOR
Just like Vitalik of Ethereum, Charlie created his platform which was built to enable other developers to create their applications, with the sole purpose of his project centered on easing payments on the Internet.
Charlie Lee is a talented programmer and computer scientist that hails from Japan. Charlie doubles as an iconic figure in the crypto industry and the developer of the third cryptocurrency in history, Litecoin. Before the time he developed Litecoin, Lee worked as a developer for Google. During this period, Charlie learned about blockchain in 2011 by reading an article on Bitcoin. His discovery of the innovative technology was incredibly interesting and propelled him to buy one Bitcoin for $30.
In that same year, in October 2011, Lee created the open-source cryptographic protocol, Litecoin, an early Bitcoin spinoff of Altcoin, and also got a job at the largest Coinbase exchange. In the summer of 2017, Charlie Lee left Coinbase and was entirely focused on developing Litecoin.
13. PAVEL DUROV — THE FOUNDER OF VK AND TELEGRAM
This ease of comfort which Telegram has afforded various crypto projects may not be fully exhausted if it makes it to a discussion room. One of the distinct features of Telegram to the cryptocurrency economy has been the leveraged platform it offers to build a great host of community members in its groups for project development and other use cases.
Pavel Durov is a talented Russian entrepreneur and developer who created the social networking sites, VK and Telegram. Having made a big feat at the age of 22 to launch his social network, VKontakte, he left the project owing to some disagreements with the stakeholders which gave him a laser focus view to building his other project, Telegram.
The invention of TG brought him worldwide fame. By the end of 2017, Telegram was already worth more than $1 billion and it succinctly made Pavel a dollar billionaire.
14. MT. GOX — ONE OF CRYPTO’S EARLIEST TRADING PLATFORM
Coined as an acronym for “Magic: The Gathering Online Exchange”, Mt. Gox, a cryptocurrency exchange which was based in Tokyo, operated between 2010 and 2014. The company then was responsible for more than 70% of Bitcoin transactions at its peak.
While several events have staged and gone by, Mt. Gox was considered the world’s largest Bitcoin exchange at its peak before its successor, Binance, which now processes a major chunk of transactions in the crypto-verse. Mt. Gox handled 70% to 80% of the trading volume which gave it an outsized role in determining Bitcoin’s market activity. For example, in 2013 it halted trading for several days to cool down the market.
Due to the influence it commanded, its prominence in the cryptocurrency scene made it a target for hackers as it experienced security problems several times during its years of operation. In 2011, Mt. Gox experienced a cyber hack as hackers used stolen credentials to transfer Bitcoins. Within the same year, deficiencies in network protocols resulted in thousands of Bitcoins being “lost.”
This loss spiked in customers who expressed their increasing frustration with the inability to withdraw their funds. The company estimated the loss to be between the range of 650,000 to 850,000 Bitcoins. Mt. Gox was however able to recover about 200,000 Bitcoins which still left the crypto market in a destabilized form.
The worth of the Bitcoins was estimated to be in hundreds of millions which got Mt. Gox into insolvency. Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy in the Tokyo District Court and was ordered to liquidate in April 2014. The distinct role played by Mt. Gox towards the cryptocurrency ecosystem involves the platform it created for transactional activities.
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