China, officially the People’s Republic of China, is a one-party state controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Despite this, eight subservient political parties officially exist within the CCP’s United Front similar to the popular fronts of former Cold War-era Eastern European countries such as the National Front of the German Democratic Republic, or the modern-day Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea in North Korea.
Under the one country, two systems principle, the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, which were previously colonies of European powers, operate under a different political system to the rest of China. Currently, both Hong Kong and Macau possess multi-party systems that were introduced just before the handover of the territories to China.[1]
Contents
- 1Relationship with the Chinese Communist Party
- 2List of parties
- 2.1Legal parties
- 2.2Banned parties
- 2.3Historical parties
- 3References
- 4External links
- 5See also
Relationship with the Chinese Communist Party[edit]
In practice, only one political party holds effective power at the national level, namely the CCP. Its dominance is such that China is effectively a one-party state.[2] The eight minor parties are part of the United Front and also take part in the political system, but they have limited power at a national level.[3][2] The minor parties must accept the “leading role” of the CCP as a condition of their continued existence.[4] According to Human Rights Watch, these parties “play an advisory rather than an oppositional role”.[5] The Chinese political system allows for the participation of some non-CCP members (independents) and members of minor parties in the National People’s Congress (NPC), but they are vetted by the CCP. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China states in the preamble: “The system of the multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China will exist and develop for a long time to come.”[6]
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