Madagascar’s 2023 Presidential Election: Candidates, Politics, and Foreign Influences
With the first round of the presidential election in Madagascar set for November 9th, the stage is set for a critical moment in the nation’s history. A total of 13 candidates will vie for the presidency, each backed by a political party. However, it’s important to recognize that in Madagascar’s political landscape, it often comes down to the individual rather than the party, revealing a fundamental flaw in the system.
The Influence of Individuals Over Politics:
In Madagascar’s unique political climate, political parties are often formed to support individual candidates rather than promoting specific democratic agendas. This dynamic places the emphasis on personalities rather than policies. Consequently, promises made during campaigns are frequently forgotten, and electoral success often hinges on the candidates’ financial resources and control over voting districts.
The Likely Front-Runners:
As we discussed in a previous blog post, it is highly probable that the second round of the election will be a face-off between the familiar rivals, Rajoelina and Ravalamanana. However, it’s worth mentioning two other notable candidates who have played significant roles in Madagascar’s political landscape.
Hery Rajaonarimampianina:
Hery Rajaonarimampianina, born in Antananarivo in 1958, is a notable Malagasy politician who previously served as Madagascar’s President, having won the election in 2013. His political journey is marked by significant turns, including initially aligning himself with Andry Rajoelina and promising him the Prime Minister position, a commitment he later reneged on after securing victory.
Rajaonarimampianina’s presidency holds a special place in Madagascar’s history as he became the first president to peacefully transition power to the newly elected president, Rajoelina, in 2018. During his tenure, he prioritized rebuilding international relationships, securing aid for the country, and maintaining currency stability. Following his electoral defeat in 2018, he has remained vocal in criticizing the Rajoelina regime, all while residing in France.
Roland Ratsiraka:
Roland Ratsiraka, born in Antananarivo in 1966, is a prominent Malagasy politician and the nephew of former President Didier Ratsiraka. His political journey showcases a mix of successes and controversies.
Ratsiraka’s early education and time spent studying both in Madagascar and France provided him with a strong foundation. He ventured into entrepreneurship by founding several companies. In 1996, his uncle appointed him as Campaign Director for the Tamatave region. Two years later, he founded the regional political association “Toamasina Tonga Saina” (TTS) and was elected to the National Assembly of Madagascar as a Deputy for Toamasina.
Ratsiraka’s political journey also includes becoming Mayor of Toamasina in 1999, though his tenure faced suspension in 2002. Nevertheless, he made a triumphant return, winning the mayoral position once more in 2003.
Ratsiraka also made a notable bid for the presidency in 2006, securing third place with 10.14% of the votes. His significant support in Toamasina and Antsiranana Province highlighted his influence. Despite legal issues and challenges, Roland Ratsiraka’s enduring presence in Madagascar’s political landscape continues to be a noteworthy aspect of the nation’s political scene.
Foreign Influences:
Madagascar’s presidential election is not just an internal affair; it is heavily influenced by foreign powers. France, Russia, and China, among others, play significant roles by providing financial support to various candidates. France, in particular, has a history of involvement in Madagascar’s political landscape, including past coup d’états. This foreign influence adds another layer of complexity to the election and raises questions about the nation’s sovereignty.
As Madagascar approaches this pivotal election, it grapples with a unique political system, the prominence of individuals over parties, and the shadow of foreign powers. The outcome will undoubtedly shape the nation’s future and its place on the global stage.
