Top MVC Interview Questions and Answers You Need to Know
In this article, I have collected the most frequently asked questions which are collected after consulting with top industry experts in the field of design patterns, ASP.NET, and Spring Framework.
In case you came across some other questions during your interviews or have queries that might be helpful for others as well, do share them in the comment section. This MVC Interview question is divided into the following sections:
- Beginners level
- Intermediate Level
- Advanced Level
Let’s begin this MVC interview questions with beginners level questions first.
Beginners Level MVC Interview Questions
1. Mention what does Model-View-Controller represents in an MVC application?
The below figure represents the same.
2. Explain what is MVC?
MVC is an abbreviation for Model, View, and Controller. The MVC architectural pattern separates an application into three components — Model, View, and Controller. In this pattern, the model represents the shape of the data and business logic. It maintains and preserves the data of the application. Model objects retrieve and store model state in a database. The view is basically and technically a user interface. The view segment displays the data-using model to the user and also enables them to modify the data. The controller is the part, which handles the user request.
3. List out a few different return types of a controller action method?
- View Result
- Javascript Result
- Redirect Result
- JSON Result
- Content Result
4. What are the advantages of MVC?
Benefits or the advantages of MVC are as follows:
- Multiple view support: Because of the separation of the model from the view, the user interface can display multiple views of the same data and at the same time.
- Change Accommodation: User interfaces tend to change more frequently than business rules.
- SoC — Separation of Concerns: Separation of Concerns is one of the core advantages of ASP.NET MVC. The MVC framework provides a clean separation of the UI, Business Logic, Model, or Data.
- More Control: The ASP.NET MVC framework provides more control over HTML, JavaScript, and CSS than the traditional WebForms.
- Testability: This framework provides better testability of the Web Application and good support for test-driven development too.
- Lightweight: MVC framework doesn’t use View State and that reduces the bandwidth of the requests to an extent.
5. Explain the role of components Presentation, Abstraction, and Control in MVC?
- Presentation: It is the visual representation of a specific abstraction within the application.
- Abstraction: It is the business domain functionality within the application.
- Control: It is a component that keeps consistency between the abstraction within the system and their presentation to the user. It is also used to communicate with other controls within the system.
6. How to maintain session in MVC?
The session can be maintained in MVC by three ways temp data, viewdata, and view bag.
7. What is the MVC Application life cycle?
Any web application has two main execution steps, first understanding the request and depending on the type of the request, sending out an appropriate response. MVC application life cycle has two main phases, first creating the request object and second sending the response to the browser.
Creating the request object includes four basic steps:
Step 1: Fill route
Step 2: Fetch route
Step 3: Request context created
Step 4: Controller instance created
8. What does the MVC Pattern define with 3 logical layers?
The MVC model defines web applications with 3 logic layers:
- The business layer (Model logic)
- The display layer (View logic)
- The input control (Controller logic)
The Model is the part of the application, which only handles the logic for the application data. Regularly, the model objects retrieve data (as well as store data) from a database. The View is the part of the application, which takes care of the display of the data. Most often, the views are created from the model data, although there are other, more complicated methods of creating views. The Controller, as the name implies, is the part of the application that handles user interaction.
9. What is Spring MVC?
It is a Java framework that is used to build web applications. It follows the model-View-Controller design pattern. Not just that, it also implements all the basic features of a core SpringFramework like Inversion of Control, Dependency Injection. Spring MVC provides a dignified solution to use MVC in Spring Framework with the help of DispatcherServlet. In this case, DispatcherServletis a class that receives the incoming request and maps it to the right resource such as Controllers, Models, and Views.
10. What is ASP.NET MVC?
ASP.NET MVC is a web application Framework. It is a lightweight and highly testable Framework. MVC separates an application into three components — Model, View, and Controller.
11. What is MVC Routing?
The URLs in ASP.NET MVC are mapped to action methods and controllers instead of physical files of the system. To accurately map action methods and controller to URLs, the routing engine forms appropriate routes. Using this, the controllers can handle specific requests.
12. What are the Filters?
Sometimes we want to execute some logic either before the execution of the action method or after the execution. We can use Action Filter for such kind of scenario. Filters define the logic which is executed before or after the execution of the action method. Action Filters are attributes which we can apply to the action methods. Following are the MVC action filter types:
- Authorization filter(implements IAuthorizationFilter)
- Action filter (implements IActionFilter
- Result filter (implements IResultFilter)
- Exception filter (implementsIExceptionFilter attribute)
13. What is Partial View in MVC?
A partial view is a chunk of HTML that can be safely inserted into an existing DOM. Most commonly, partial views are used to componentize Razor views and make them easier to build and update. It can also be returned directly from controller methods. In this case, the browser still receives text/HTML content but not necessarily HTML content that makes up an entire page. As a result, if a URL that returns a partial view is directly invoked from the address bar of a browser, an incomplete page may be displayed. This may be something like a page that misses title, script, and style sheets.
14. Can you explain the page life cycle of MVC?
Below mentioned steps define the page life cycle.
- App initialization
- Instantiate and execute controller
- Locate and invoke controller action
- Instantiate and render view.
15. What is the use of ViewModel in MVC?
ViewModel is a plain class with properties, which is used to bind it to a strongly-typed view. ViewModel can have the validation rules defined for its properties using data annotation.
Intermediate level Questions
16. What is Database first approach in MVC using Entity Framework?
Database First Approach is an alternative or substitutes to the Code First and Model First approaches to the Entity Data Model. The Entity Data Model creates model codes (classes, properties, DbContext, etc.) from the database in the project and that class behaves as the link between database and controller.
There are the following approaches, which are used to connect the database with the application.
- Database First
- Model First
- Code First
17. What do you mean by MVC Scaffolding?
Scaffolding is a code generation framework for ASP.NET Web applications. Visual Studio includes pre-installed code generators for MVC and Web API projects. You add scaffolding to your project when you want to quickly add the code that interacts with data models. Using scaffolding can reduce the amount of time to develop standard data operations in your project.
It consists of page templates, entity page templates, field page templates, and filter templates. These templates are called Scaffold templates and they allow you to quickly build a functional data-driven Website.
18. Explain the concept of Razor in ASP.NET MVC?
ASP.NET MVC has always supported the concept of “view engines” — which are the pluggable modules that implement different template syntax options. The “default” view engine for ASP.NET MVC uses the same .aspx/.ascx/. master file templates as ASP.NET WebForms. Other popular ASP.NET MVC view engines are Spart & Nhaml. Razor is the new view-engine introduced by MVC 3.
19. Explain the concept of Default Route in MVC
Default Route: The default ASP.NET MVC project templates add a generic route that uses the following URL convention to break the URL for a given request into three named segments.
URL: "{controller}/{action}/{id}"
This route pattern is registered via a call to the MapRoute() extension method of RouteCollection.
20. What is GET and POST Action types?
GET Action Type: GET is used to request data from a specified resource. With all the GET requests, we pass the URL, which is compulsory; however, it can take up the following overloads.
POST Action Type: Tthe POST is used to submit data to be processed to a specified resource. With all the POST requests, we pass the URL, which is essential and the data. However, it can take up the following overloads.
21. How does View Data differ from View Bag in MVC?
22. Mention the Benefits of Area in MVC
Benefits of Area in MVC are as follows:
- It allows us to organize models, views, and controllers into separate functional sections of the application, such as administration, billing, customer support, and much more.
- It is easy to integrate with other Areas created by another.
- Also, easy for unit testing.
23. Which filters are executed in the end?
In the end “ Exception Filters “ are executed.
24. Mention what are the two ways for adding constraints to a route?
Two methods for adding constraints to the route is
- Using regular expressions
- Using an object that implements IRouteConstraint interface
25. How can we implement validation in MVC?
We can easily implement validation in MVC application by using the validators defined in the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace. There are different types of validators as follows:
- Required
- DataType
- Range
- StringLength
26. Mention two instances where routing is not implemented or required?
Two instances where routing is not required are:
- When a physical file is found that matches the URL pattern
- When routing is disabled for a URL pattern
27. Explain how you can implement Ajax in MVC?
In MVC, Ajax can be implemented in two ways. They are as follows:
- Ajax libraries
- Jquery
28. What is the use of Keep and Peek in “TempData”?
Once “TempData” is read in the current request, it’s not available in the subsequent request. If we want “TempData” to be read and also available in the subsequent request then after reading we need to call the “Keep” method as shown in the code below.
@TempData["MyData"];
TempData.Keep("MyData");The more shortcut way of achieving the same is by using “Peek”. This function helps to read as well advices MVC to maintain “TempData” for the subsequent request.
string str = TempData.Peek("Td").ToString();29. What is WebAPI?
HTTP is the most used protocol. For many years, the browser was the most preferred client by which we consumed data exposed over HTTP. But as years passed by, client variety started spreading out. We had demanded to consume data on HTTP from clients like mobile, JavaScript, Windows applications, etc.
For satisfying the broad range of clients, REST was the proposed approach. WebAPI is the technology by which you can expose data over HTTP following REST principles.
30. How can we detect that an MVC controller is called by POST or GET?
To detect if the call on the controller is a POST action or a GET action we can use the Request.HttpMethod property as shown in the below code snippet.
public ActionResult SomeAction(){
if (Request.HttpMethod == "POST"){
return View("SomePage");
}
else{
return View("SomeOtherPage");
}
}Now let’s move further and look at the Advanced MVC Interview questions.
Advanced Level MVC Interview Questions
31. What are the main Razor Syntax Rules
Following are the rules for main Razor Syntax:
- Razor code blocks are enclosed in @{ … }
- Inline expressions (variables and functions) start with @
- Code statements end with a semicolon
- Variables are declared with the var keyword
- Strings are enclosed with quotation marks
- C# code is case sensitive
- C# files have the extension .cshtml
32. How do you implement Forms authentication in MVC?
Authentication is giving access to the user for a specific service by verifying his/her identity using his/her credentials like username and password or email and password. It assures that the correct user is authenticated or logged in for a specific service and the right service has been provided to the specific user based on their role.
33. Can you explain RenderBody and RenderPage in MVC?
RenderBody is like ContentPlaceHolder in web forms. This will exist on the layout page and it will render the child pages/views. The layout page will have only one RenderBody() method. RenderPage also exists in the Layout page and multiple RenderPage() can be there on the Layout page.
34. What are Non Action methods in MVC?
In MVC all public methods have been treated as Actions. So if you are creating a method and if you do not want to use it as an action method then the method has to be decorated with “NonAction” attribute as shown below -
[NonAction]
public void TestMethod(){
// Method logic
}35. How to perform Exception Handling in MVC?
In the controller, you can override the “OnException” event and set the “Result” to the view name which you want to invoke when an error occurs. In the below code you can see we have set the “Result” to a view named “Error”.
We have also set the exception so that it can be displayed inside the view.
public class HomeController : Controller{
protected override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext){
Exception ex = filterContext.Exception;
filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;
var model = new HandleErrorInfo(filterContext.Exception, "Controller","Action");
filterContext.Result = new ViewResult()
{
ViewName = "Error",
ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(model)
};
}
}36. Which is a better fit, Razor or ASPX?
As per Microsoft, Razor is more preferred because it’s lightweight and has a simple syntax.
37. What is Code Blocks in Views?
Unlike code expressions that are evaluated and sent to the response, it is the blocks of code that are executed. This is useful for declaring variables that we may be required to be used later.
@{
int x = 123;
string y = "aa";
}38. Why use Html. Partial in MVC?
This method is used to render the specified partial view as an HTML string. This method does not depend on any action methods. We can use this like below -
@Html.Partial("TestPartialView")39. What is a glimpse?
Glimpse is NuGet packages that help in finding performance, debugging, and diagnostic information. Glimpse can help you get information about timelines, model binding, routes, environment, etc.
40. How can we navigate from one view to another using a hyperlink?
By using the ActionLink method you can navigate. The below code will create a simple URL which helps to navigate to the "Home" controller and invoke the Gotohome action.
<%= Html.ActionLink("Home","Gotohome") %>This brings us to the end of this article on MVC Interview Questions. I hope it helped in adding up to your knowledge. Wishing you all the best for your interview. Happy learning.
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Do look out for other articles in this series which will explain the various other aspects of Java.
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5. Java String
6. Java Array
8. Java Threads
9. Introduction to Java Servlets
11. Exception Handling in Java
14. Java Programs
15. Kotlin vs Java
16. Dependency Injection Using Spring Boot
22. Socket Programming In Java
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28. Top Data Structures & Algorithms in Java
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34. Java Collections Interview Questions and Answers
35. How to Handle Deadlock in Java?
36. Top 50 Java Collections Interview Questions You Need to Know
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38. What is the difference between C, C++, and Java?
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