Comparison of Photosynthesis and Photorespiration in C3/C4/CAM Plants — Tropical Plant Photosynthesis Adaptations

Key Points

• Photorespiration is fundamentally inefficient due to the Rubisco enzyme acting on Oxygen…

An Analysis of Ginseng Root in Relation to Anatomy, Botany, Pharmacognosy, Macroscopy and Microscopy

Definition of Ginseng Root

According to the Ph Eur. monograph 1523, the definition of ginseng is a “Whole or cut…

Muscle Physiology

Classification

Muscle is classified in three different ways.

Striation

• Striated — Non-striated

Control

• Voluntary — Involuntary

Herpes Virus

Viruses contain either DNA or RNA genomes protected by a `Capsid`

Five different structures exist:

1. Naked Icosahedron spherical
2. Naked Helical plants only
3. Enveloped Icosahedron

Cardiac Cycle and the Regulation of Cardiac Output

Definitions

• Cardiac Output — Stroke Volume * Heart Rate
• - Stroke Volume — Volume of blood ejected from the hear per beat. — Average value of 70 mL/stroke

Chromatography Notes

Relevant Techniques in JF Pharm

• TLC (and HPTLC)
• Column Chromatography
• GC
• HPLC

Technique Classification

An Action Potential — An Explanation

Action potential is reached at the Axon Hillock of the axon. A change in membrane potential of ~15–20 mV is sufficient to cause the propagation of an Action Potential. The action potential in a particular neuron occurs as follows.