SUP.9 Problem Resolution Management 問題解決管理

ASPICE 標準解讀: 支持流程

David Lin 顧問筆記
ASPICE標準解讀
4 min readMay 12, 2020

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流程目的(Process Purpose)

The purpose of the Problem Resolution Management Process is to ensure that problems are identified, analyzed, managed and controlled to resolution.

問題解決管理流程的目的是確保問題被識別、分析、管理和控制,直到問題被解決。

流程結果(Process Outcome)

成功實作問題解決管理流程,其相應的結果如下:
[Outcome 1]制定一份問題解決管理策略;
[Outcome 2]問題被記錄,並採用唯一標示和分類;
[Outcome 3]分析和評估問題以找到合適的解決方案;
[Outcome 4]啟動問題解決;
[Outcome 5]問題被追蹤至結案;
[Outcome 6]問題的狀態及趨勢是被知曉的

基礎實踐(Base Practices)

SUP.9.BP1: Develop a problem resolution management strategy.
SUP.9.BP1: 制定一個問題解決管理策略
[Outcome 1]

Develop a problem resolution management strategy, including problem resolution activities, a status model for the problems, alert notifications, responsibilities for performing these activities and an urgent resolution strategy. Interfaces to affected parties are defined and definitions are maintained.

制定一個問題解決管理策略,包含:問題解決活動、問題狀態模型、警報通知、執行相關活動的權責、緊急解決策略。與受影響單位的介面被定義且維持。

NOTE 1: Problem resolution activities can be different during the product life cycle, e.g. during prototype construction and series development.

備註1: 在產品生命週期中,問題解決活動可能會有所不同。例如:雛型建造和系列開發。

SUP.9.BP2: Identify and record the problem.
SUP.9.BP2: 識別並記錄問題
[Outcome 2]

Each problem is uniquely identified, described and recorded. Supporting information should be provided to reproduce and diagnose the problem.

每個問題都是被單獨的識別、描述和記錄。協助資訊(所描述與記錄的相關資訊)可被用來重現和診斷問題。

NOTE 2: Supporting information typically includes the origin of the problem, how it can be reproduced, environmental information, by whom it has been detected, etc.
NOTE 3: Unique identification supports traceability to changes made.

備註2: 協助資訊(所描述與記錄的相關資訊)通常包含問題的起源、如何重現問題、環境資訊、被誰發現等。
備註3: 唯一識別支援追溯性與所做的變更

SUP.9.BP3: Record the status of problems.
SUP.9.BP3: 記錄問題的狀態
[Outcome 6]

A status according to the status model is assigned to each problem to facilitate tracking.

根據問題狀態模型,針對每個不同的問題指派一個狀態,以便於追蹤問題。

SUP.9.BP4: Diagnose the cause and determine the impact of the problem.
SUP.9.BP4: 診斷原因並確立問題的影響
[Outcome 2,3]

Investigate the problem and determine its cause and impact in order to categorize the problem and to determine appropriate actions.

調查問題並確定其根因和影響,以便於對問題進行分類並決定適當的措施。

NOTE 4: Problem categorization (e.g. A, B, C, light, medium, severe) may be based on severity, impact, criticality, urgency, relevance for the change process, etc.

備註4: 問題分類(例如: A, B, C, 輕微, 中等, 嚴重) 可以基於嚴重性(Severity)、影響(Impact)、迫切性(Criticality)、緊急程度(Urgency)、與變更流程的相關性。

SUP.9.BP5: Authorize urgent resolution action.
SUP.9.BP5: 授權緊急解決措施
[Outcome 4]

If according to the strategy a problem requires an urgent resolution, authorization shall be obtained for immediate action also according to the strategy.

根據策略,如果一個問題需要被緊急解決時,也應根據策略獲得立即採取行動的授權。

SUP.9.BP6: Raise alert notifications.
SUP.9.BP6: 發起警報通知.
[Outcome 4]

If according to the strategy the problem has a high impact on other systems or other affected parties, an alert notification needs to be raised also according to the strategy.

根據策略,如果一個問題對其他系統或其他受影響單位有高度的影響時,也需要根據該策略發出警報通知。

SUP.9.BP7: Initiate problem resolution.
SUP.9.BP7: 啟動問題解決.
[Outcome 4]

Initiate appropriate actions according to the strategy to resolve the problem including review of those actions, or initiate a change request.

根據策略採取適當的行動來解決問題,包含對這些行動進行審查、或發起變更請求。

NOTE 5: Appropriate actions may include the initiating of a change request. See SUP.10 for managing of change requests.
NOTE 6: The implementation of process improvements (to prevent problems) is done in the process improvement process (PIM.3).The implementation of generic project management improvements (e.g. lessons learned) are part of the project management process (MAN.3). The implementation of generic work product related improvements are part of the quality assurance process(SUP.1).

備註5: 適當的行動可包含初始化變更請求。關於變更請求的管理,請參照SUP.10。
備註6: 在流程改善流程(PIM.3)中,完成流程改善(避免問題)的實施;一般實現專案管理改善(例如:經驗教訓)是專案管理流程(MAN.3)的一部分;一般實現工作產出相關的改善是品質保證流程(SUP.1)的一部分。

SUP.9.BP8: Track problems to closure.
SUP.9.BP8: 追蹤問題至結案.
[Outcome 5,6]

Track the status of problems to closure including all related change requests. A formal acceptance has to be authorized before closing the problem.

追蹤問題狀態直至結案,包含所有相關的變更請求。在問題結案前,必須要有一個正式結案確認授權。

SUP.9.BP9: Analyze problem trends.
SUP.9.BP9: 分析問題趨勢.
[Outcome 6]

Collect and analyze problem resolution management data, identify trends, and initiate project related actions, according to the strategy.

根據策略,收集及分析問題解決管理的相關資料,識別趨勢,並啟動專案相關的行動。

NOTE 7: Collected data typically contains information about where the problems occurred, how and when they were found, what were their impacts, etc.

備註7: 需要收集的資料通常包含:問題發生的位置(流程或部門)、問題發生的原因、問題的影響,等。

SUP.9 問題趨勢分析範例

工作產出(Output Work product)

08–27 問題管理計畫書[Outcome 1]
13-07 問題記錄 [Outcome 2,3,4,5]
15–01 分析報告 [Outcome 3]
15–05 評估報告 [Outcome 3]
15–12 問題狀態報告 [Outcome 6]

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David Lin 顧問筆記
ASPICE標準解讀

現任國際標準輔導顧問及評鑑師;在這裡,分享一些產業新知、趨勢以及標準的解讀與看法。更多資訊請參考:https://linchew.com