Modified Merkle Patricia Trie — How Ethereum saves a state

Leaving aside the network part, we could say that Ethereum is a state machine where transactions modify states on the Ethereum network. A state can be expressed as a key-value pair. Although there are several ways of representing…

Why N = 3f+1 in the Byzantine Fault Tolerance system

In a distributed system, it is not guaranteed that there is nothing wrong with the message sent by the other node. When a wrong node is sending wrong messages to everyone else, the problem can be easily solved by blocking the node itself.

Managing Ethereum Private Keys

As you develop services that take advantage of Ethereum, you will most likely encounter private keys encoded in various ways. In this article, let’s discuss each encoding methods, and how to use those methods and what libraries are available for each method.

Invertible Bloom Lookup Table

Horizontal scalability is one of the most important issues in modern software development. If your program…

Byzantine Failure — Why Blockchain Development is Difficult

Since 2017, blockchain technology has become such a hot topic that it can be considered the trend of this era. As a result, even people who are not developers are discussing the endless possibilities of the blockchain. If you…

Cuckoo Cycle

Proof of Work(PoW) is one of the most important components of Nakamoto consensus. Although there are many criticisms about its…

EVM STATICCALL opcode

The Byzantium hardfork added a new opcode called STATICCALL to EVM. In this post, we will take a look at this new opcode and explain in detail the problem it addresses to solve.

What is it?